Fundamentals Of Computer

Fundamental of Computer: Basic

First calculating device :- Abacus 2000bc (in Chana Charles Babage -1822

• Accepts data as input.
• Saves the data/instructions in its memory and utilizes them as and when required.
• Execute the data and convert it into useful information.
• Provides the output.
• Have control over all the above four steps

• Hardware:

  • Central Processing Unit (CPU): The "brain" of the computer that performs                                                                     calculations and executes instructions.
  • Memory (RAM): Temporary storage used by the CPU to store data and program                                   instructions actively in use.
  • Storage (Hard Drive, SSD): Permanent storage for data and programs, used for                                         long-term storage even when the computer is turned off.
  • Motherboard: The main circuit board connecting the CPU, memory, storage, and                               other peripherals.
  • Input Devices: Devices like keyboards and mice that allow users to input                                             information into the computer.
  • Output Devices: Devices like monitors and printers that display or produce results.

• Software:

  • Operating System (OS): System software that manages hardware resources,                                                     provides a user interface, and runs applications.
  • Applications: Software programs designed for specific tasks, such as word                                      processors, web browsers, and games.
  • Device Drivers: Software that enables the operating system to communicate with                               and control hardware devices.

• Basic Concepts:

  • Binary System: Computers use a binary system (0s and 1s) to represent and                                      process data at the fundamental level.
  • Data and Information: Data is raw facts, and information is processed data that                                            has meaning.
  • Algorithm: A step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem or                                        accomplishing a task.
  • Programming: Writing instructions (code) for a computer to execute, often using                                programming languages.
  • Networking: Computers can connect and communicate with each other through                            networks, such as the internet.

• Computer Architecture:

  • Von Neumann Architecture: A foundational concept in computer design, involving                                        a CPU, memory, control unit, and input/output components.
  • Registers: Small, fast storage locations within the CPU used for temporary data                          storage during processing.

• Security and Privacy:

  • Firewalls and Antivirus Software: Tools to protect computers from malicious                                                                   software and unauthorized access.
  • Encryption: The process of converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized                            access.

Understanding these fundamentals provides a solid foundation for learning more advanced concepts related to computer science and technology